宁夏地区大籽蒿精油成分分析及其抑菌性研究

为探究宁夏大籽蒿(Artemisia sieversiana Ehrhart ex Willd.)精油成分、抑菌功能及安全性,采用水蒸气蒸馏法进行精油提取,通过气相色谱-质谱连用法(GC-MS)进行成分分析,采用滤纸片法测定其对3种菌的抑菌圈直径,测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC),并通过cck-8法检测大籽蒿精油对于2种皮肤细胞的毒性作用。结果表明,宁夏大籽蒿精油的主要成分为母菊薁(29.61%),樟脑(4.80%)、桉叶油醇(4.32%)、异木香酸甲酯(4.02%);精油对铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.0781 μg/mL,最低杀菌浓度为0.3125 μg/mL;金黄色葡萄球菌MIC为0.0195 μg/mL,MBC为0.078125 μg/mL;当精油浓度小于100 μg/mL时对角质细胞(HaCaT)和皮肤成纤维细胞(NHSF)均无毒性。综上,宁夏地区大籽蒿精油具有较强的抑菌活性且安全性较高,以上结果为宁夏大籽蒿精油开发提供理论依据,以期为当地脱贫致富提供科技支撑。     

玉米早期籽粒中强表达启动子的筛选

在植物基因表达调控的过程中,启动子作为调控基因表达的顺式元件起着重要作用。为了筛选在玉米早期籽粒中强表达的启动子,选取6个启动子pCaMV35SD、pUbiquitin、pZmActin1、pZmSTK2、pZm66589和pZmbHLH148,分别构建EGFP表达载体并转染玉米原生质体,快速验证载体功能构建的正确性;同时采用花粉磁转染法将6个表达载体导入玉米自交系郑58中,并对不同启动子驱动的EGFP载体在授粉后48h玉米籽粒中的荧光强度和荧光检出率进行观察和统计分析。结果表明,6个启动子驱动EGFP表达载体构建正确;pCaMV35SD启动子驱动EGFP表达载体的荧光最强,6个启动子驱动EGFP表达载体由强到弱依次为pCaMV35SD>pZmSTK2>pZm66589>pZmbHLH148>pUbiquitin>pZmActin1,其荧光检出率分别为27.17%、27.17%、29.83%、23.84%、13.40%和30.57%。     

PEG胁迫下春小麦萌发期抗旱指标的遗传力

为探索干旱胁迫对春小麦萌发期生长的影响,筛选春小麦萌发期抗旱性指标。以宁夏灌区和雨养区的2种粒色（红皮和白皮）40份春小麦的抗旱品系为试验材料,研究PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫对胚根长、胚根数、胚芽鞘长和一叶长的影响。利用广义遗传力分析法,筛选春小麦萌发期抗旱性指标。胚根长的广义遗传力最高,均大于0.55,遗传力的控制程度稳定。雨养区的红粒种子胚根长的遗传力高达0.95;雨养区的红粒种子的胚芽鞘长的广义遗传力最高,达0.94,但其遗传力控制程度不稳定,最低遗传力仅为0.06;胚根数和一叶长的遗传力很低,且控制程度极不稳定。春小麦萌发期胚根长的广义遗传力最高,控制程度稳定。其次是胚芽鞘长,但其遗传力的控制程度不稳定。胚根长可作为春小麦萌发期的抗旱指标鉴定抗旱材料,以胚芽鞘的长度为参考值。     

Development of a linear mixed-effects individual-tree basal area increment model for masson pine in Hunan Province,South-central China

ABSTRACT

An individual-tree basal area increment model was developed for masson pine based on 26276 observations of 13,138 trees in 987 sample plots from the 7th (2004), 8th (2009), and 9th (2014) Chinese National Forest Inventory in Hunan Province, South-central China. The model was built using a linear mixed-effects approach with sample plots included as random effects since the data have a hierarchical stochastic structure and biased estimates of the standard error of parameter estimates could be a consequence of applying ordinary least square (OLS) for regression. In addition, within-plot heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation were also considered. The final mixed-effects model was determined according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), log-likelihood (Loglik), and the likelihoodratio test (LRT). The results revealed that initial diameter (DBH), the sum of the basal area (m²/ha) in trees with DBHs larger than the DBH of the subject tree (BAL), number of trees per hectare (NT), and elevation (EL) had a significant impact on individual-tree basal area increment. The mixed-effects model performed much better than the basic model produced using OLS. Additionally, the variance structure of the model errors was successfully modeled using the power function. However, the autocorrelation structures were not defined because there was no autocorrelation amongst the data. It is believed that the final model will contribute to the scientific management of the masson pine.     

堆垛车核心零件的参数化设计与有限元分析系统

为了提高堆垛车的设计效率,减少企业对设计研发新产品的投入及推进我国堆垛车的设计创新。以堆垛车核心零件为例,利用NX11.0为平台,VS2012为开发工具,结合NX二次开发技术开发了集参数化建模以及参数化有限元分析系统,实现了堆垛车零件的自动创建及自动分析。该系统大大提高了产品的设计效率和质量,为新产品的研发做好充分准备。     

利用因子分析综合评价9个西藏农家青稞品种的品质

随着青稞加工产业的发展,筛选西藏优质种质资源将有助于培育适宜加工的青稞品种。选取9个西藏农家青稞品种,以藏青25为对照,通过测定31项化学特性指标,建立品质综合评价体系。结果表明:经因子分析提取出6个特征值大于1的主成分,累积方差贡献率为94.65%,其中第1主成分的贡献率为49.81%,主要包含蛋白质及苏氨酸（THR）、脯氨酸（PRO）、丙氨酸（ALA）、缬氨酸（VAC）、亮氨酸（LEU）、苯丙氨酸（PHE）、组氨酸（HIS）、赖氨酸（LYS）、清蛋白、总氨基酸含量等指标;第2主成分的贡献率为13.85%,其中粗脂肪、直链淀粉、膳食纤维、γ-V_E、磷含量具有较大的载荷值。根据建立的品质综合评价模型,优良度得分排序为:藏青25>青21>隆子黑>拉萨长黑>联嘎木>拉萨短白>彭乃嘎布>江热俄久>直孔嘎夏>联木白稞。     

黑沙蒿根系抗拉特性及其与化学成分的关联性

[目的] 探讨根系抗拉特性与主要化学成分含量的关联性，以期充实根系固土力学特性研究以及提供矿区生态恢复和植物保护的理论支持。[方法] 以神东矿区广泛分布的多年生灌木黑沙蒿（Artemisia ordosica）为研究对象，利用TY8000伺服式强力机，研究1~4 mm径级直根段、含侧根分支处根段抗拉材料的力学特性并测定各径级的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素，研究根系材料力学及其与化学成分的关联性。[结果] ①随着根系直径增加，黑沙蒿直根段、含侧根分支处根段抗拉力增加，而抗拉强度和杨氏模量减小，且抗拉力、抗拉强度和杨氏模量都与根系直径呈幂函数关系。②直根段、含侧根分支处根段化学成分含量差异显著（p<0.05），平均化学成分含量为：半纤维素（31.69%，32.18%） > 木质素（28.42%，25.30%） > 纤维素（15.50%，15.35%）。③随着根系直径增加，直根段纤维素含量减小，半纤维素和木质素含量增加，而含侧根分支处根段纤维素含量减小，半纤维素和木质素含量无变化。④直根段抗拉强度、杨氏模量与纤维素极显著正相关（p<0.01），与半纤维素、木质素极显著负相关（p<0.01）。含侧根分支处根段抗拉强度、杨氏模量与纤维素极显著正相关（p<0.01），与半纤维素、木质素无相关性。[结论] 黑沙蒿根系抗拉特性与化学成分表现出一定的相关性，且纤维素是影响灌木根系材料力学特性的主要化学组分。     

Effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide complex with Ce (IV) on growth,immunity and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicas

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide complex with cerium (Ce IV) (COS‐Ce) on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicas. Five isonitrogenous (18.6%) and isolipidic (1.1%) practical diets were formulated with graded level of COS‐Ce (0, 150, 300, 600 and 1200 mg kg^?1 dry feed), which were named as COS‐Ce/0, COS‐Ce/150, COS‐Ce/300, COS‐Ce/600, COS‐Ce/1200 respectively. Each diet was allocated to four replicates of sea cucumbers (Initial weight: 6.72 ± 0.02 g). Sea cucumbers were fed to apparent satiation once daily (19:00 hours) for 56 days. During the experiment, water temperature was kept at 16 ± 0.5°C, pH 7.8–8.2, dissolved oxygen beyond 5 mg L^?1, ammonia nitrogen below 0.5 mg L^?1 and salinity from 30‰ to 31‰. Results showed that the specific growth rate of sea cucumbers was significantly higher in COS‐Ce/600 than that in other four treatments. Activities of phagocytosis, respiratory burst, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in COS‐Ce/600 were significantly higher than that in COS‐Ce/0 (P < 0.05) respectively. On the contrary, cumulative mortality was the lowest in COS‐Ce/600 following 14 days exposure to Vibrio splendidus (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results confirmed that dietary COS‐Ce had beneficial effects on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumber.     

Evaluation of dietary natural mineral materials as an antibiotic replacer on growth performance,non‐specific immune responses and disease resistance in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

We evaluated the effects of some dietary natural mineral materials as an antibiotic replacer based on growth performance, non‐specific immune responses and disease resistance in juvenile and subadult rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. First experiment, juvenile rainbow trout averaging 2.7 ± 0.02 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the six experimental diets; a basal commercial diet as a control (CON), CON with oxytetracycline (OTC), with yellow loess (YL), with Macsumsuk^® (MS), with Song‐Gang^® stone (SG) and with barley stone (BS) at 0.4% of each diet. At the end of 8‐week feeding trial, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed YL diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed CON diet. Non‐specific immune responses such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme (LYS) activity and oxidative radical production of fish fed YL diet were higher than those of fish fed CON diet. At the end of 15 days of challenge test with Aeromonas salmonicida, average cumulative survival rate of fish fed YL diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed BS and CON diets. However, there were no significant differences among fish fed YL, SG and OTC diets. Second experiment, subadult rainbow trout averaging 261.5 ± 3.5 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the four experimental diets for 22 weeks: CON, and CON with OTC, YL or SG at 0.4% of each diet. At the end of feeding, growth performance of fish fed SG and YL diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed CON diet. Non‐specific immune responses in terms of SOD, MPO, LYS and NBT of fish fed SG and YL diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed CON diet. However, there were no significant differences among the fish fed YL, SG and OTC diets. The results indicate that dietary yellow loess or Song‐gang^® stone at 0.4% of diet could replace oxytetracycline in juvenile and subadult rainbow trout.